Resistance Exercise Sessions Comprising Multijoint vs. Single-Joint Exercises Result in Similar Metabolic and Hormonal Responses, But Distinct Levels of Muscle Damage in Trained Men.

ABSTRACT: Barbosa, PH, Bueno de Camargo, JB, Jonas de Oliveira, J, Reis Barbosa, CG, Santos da Silva, A, Dos-Santos, JW, Verlengia, R, Barreira, J, Braz, TV, and Lopes, CR. Resistance exercise sessions comprising multijoint vs. single-joint exercises result in similar metabolic and hormonal responses, but distinct levels of muscle damage in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 842-847, 2024-Resistance-type exercise (RE) elicits distinct acute metabolic and hormonal responses, which can be modulated by the manipulation of training variables. The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic (blood lactate and estimated lactic anaerobic system energy expenditure) and hormonal (growth hormone [GH]) responses to RE sessions composed exclusively of multijoint (MULTI) or single-joint (SINGLE) exercises. Assessments of creatine kinase (CK) levels were also performed. In a crossover design, 10 recreationally resistance-trained men (age: 26.9 ± 3.0 years, total body mass: 83.2 ± 13.8 kg; height: 176 ± 7.0 cm; training experience: 5.5 ± 2.4 years) were randomly submitted to both protocols. Blood collections were made pre, 3 minutes after, and 36 hours after each experimental session. No significant difference between MULTI vs. SINGLE was observed for the rises in blood lactate (p = 0.057) and GH (p = 0.285) levels. For CK, a significant difference between the protocols was noted, in which MULTI resulted in significant rises after 3 minutes (p = 0.017) and 36 hours (p = 0.043) compared with SINGLE. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that resistance-trained individuals display similar metabolic and hormonal responses when performing MULTI and SINGLE exercise protocols. Also, RE sessions comprising MULTI exercises induce a higher magnitude of muscle damage, which may require a longer recovery period compared with SINGLE.

Research on women's futsal: a scoping review.

The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive scoping literature review to provide an overview of the current state of research within women's futsal. We searched four electronic databases (SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to December 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised original research published in peer-reviewed journals, available in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The focus was on studies investigating women in futsal, encompassing both players and those in leadership positions, regardless of their age or skill level. The analysis included the authorship (location), population characteristics (number of participants, level of play, and age), themes explored, and primary findings. A total of 692 records were found, but only 175 met the selection criteria. The results highlighted a recent attention in the scientific literature, with the first publications emerging in 2005 and a notable increase since 2016. Strength and Conditioning topics constituted the most frequently explored area, comprising 32% of the studies. Notably, no studies focusing on coaching or management aspects were identified. In terms of the participant population, most studies concentrated on high-level (33%) and senior (84%) players. Few studies have investigated practitioners with disabilities or women in other positions such as coaches or managers. Most of the studies were conducted by Brazilian researchers (60%), indicating the need for investigations in different socio-cultural contexts. The recent academic attention and the upcoming inaugural edition of the FIFA Futsal Women's World CupTM in 2025 reinforce the need for further studies on women's futsal. This review contributes by identifying the scientific gaps that can be explored by future investigations.

The relative age effect in under-17, under-20, and adult elite female soccer players.

To investigate the RAE in elite female soccer players, the absolute and relative birthdate distributions of players who disputed the Women's World Cup were assessed. Differences between observed and expected distributions were analyzed using chi-square and effect sizes. The birthdates of 1224 female soccer players were assessed in Under-17 (N = 336), Under-20 (N = 336) and adult (N = 552) categories. There was no significant RAE in adult category for different playing positions and players in general (including all playing positions per age category). There was significant RAE for midfielders and players in general with mainly small effect sizes for the U-17 and U-20. In both age categories, players born in Q1 were over-represented with the highest quartile ratio for midfielders. In regard of RAE and success defined by final ranking at the World Cup, we found no significant differences between the birthdate distributions of players who participated in either the group stages or finally the knockout phases. Coaches should consider this information to avoid bias in talent programs designed to promote and select female soccer players independently of their birthdates. Young female players should be encouraged to learn to play in different field positions before to reach high-level performance.

"Ser mulher em um curso de futebol já é começar com um passo atrás": experiências das treinadoras em cursos da CBF academy / "Ser mujer en un curso de fútbol ya es comenzar con un paso atrás": experiencias de entrenadoras en cursos de la academia de la CBF / "Being a woman in a football course is already a disadvantage": experiences of female coaches in CBFacademy courses

Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar as vivências de treinadoras de futebol em cursos de certificação oferecidos pela CBF Academy. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com seis treinadoras, notamos que os cursos ainda são majoritariamente ministrados por homens e para homens. Ao passo que os treinadores se expõem constantemente e sentem-se seguros para isso, as treinadoras relatam desconforto e uma constante reflexão sobre o seu posicionamento para provar sua capacidade de ocupar aquele ambiente. Esse cenário é transformado ao longo do curso à medida que as treinadoras se posicionam e tem seu conhecimento e competência reconhecidos para ocupar esse espaço. Mesmo com esses desafios, as treinadoras reconhecem essa experiência como positiva principalmente pelos relacionamentos e conteúdos proporcionados. Os conhecimentos deste estudo podem auxiliar na proposta de mudanças que favoreçam uma maior participação de treinadoras em cursos de certificação no futebol e em outros esportes.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar las experiencias de las entrenadoras de fútbol en los cursos de certificación ofrecidos por la Academia CBF. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a seis entrenadoras, notamos que los cursos aún son, mayoritariamente, impartidos por hombres y para hombres. Mientras los entrenadores se exponen constantemente y se sienten seguros al hacerlo, las entrenadoras reportan incomodidad y reflexión constante sobre su posicionamiento para demostrar su capacidad para ocupar ese ambiente. Este escenario se va transformando a lo largo del curso a medida que las entrenadoras se posicionan y se les reconoce su conocimiento y competencia para ocupar este espacio. Aún con estos desafíos, las entrenadoras reconocen esta experiencia como positiva, principalmente por las relaciones y el contenido brindado. El conocimiento de este estudio puede ayudar en la propuesta de cursos que favorezcan una mayor participación de las entrenadoras en cursos de certificación en fútbol.(AU)

This study aimed to explore the experiences of women football coaches in certification courses offered by the CBF Academy of the Brazilian Football Confederation. Drawing on semi-structured interviews carried out with six female coaches, we found that the courses are still mostly taught by men and for men. While men regularly feel at ease and safe to speak their minds, women report discomfort and constant reflection on their behavior to prove their ability to occupy that environment. This situation gradually changes throughout the course as women take a stand and have their knowledge and competence recognized to occupy that space. Despite these challenges, the female participants view this experience as positive mainly for the networking and knowledge it provides. The results of this study can help propose changes that favor greater participation of female coaches in certification courses in football and sports in general.(AU)

Muscle hypertrophy and strength gains after resistance training with different volume-matched loads: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared muscle hypertrophy and strength gains between resistance training protocols employing very low (VLL < 30% of 1-repetition maximum (RM) or >35RM), low (LL30%-59% of 1RM, or 16-35RM), moderate (ML60%-79% of 1RM, or 8-15RM), and high (HL ≥ 80% of 1RM, or ≤7RM) loads with matched volume loads (sets × repetitions × weight). A pooled analysis of the standardized mean difference for 1RM strength outcomes across the studies showed a benefit favoring HL vs. LL and vs. ML and favoring ML vs. LL. The LL and VLL results showed little difference. A pooled analysis of the standardized mean difference for hypertrophy outcomes across all studies showed no differences between training loads. Our findings indicate that when the volume load is equal between conditions, the highest loads induce superior dynamic strength gains. Alternatively, hypertrophic adaptations were similar irrespective of the load magnitude. Novelty: Training with higher loads elicits greater gains in 1RM muscle strength when compared to lower loads, even when the volume load is equal between conditions. Muscle hypertrophy is similar irrespective of the magnitude of the load, even when the volume load is equal between conditions.

The sport development and its socio-cultural and managerial aspects: an integrative review

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review aiming to critically analyze the concept of sport development and the different variables that influence this process. Methods: We restricted the search to scientific journals in the area of sports science that published studies related to the social sciences and are indexed in the Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR). In total, 23 scientific journals were analyzed and the final sample of this review consisted of 65 articles. Results: Our findings highlighted that sport development is immersed in specific social, political, and economic factors that influence the extent to which different stakeholders can implement strategies and provide resources to improve participation and performance in sports. In addition to the quantitative aspect, researchers indicate the need for specific strategies that also enable the participation of women, people with disabilities, and other groups that historically have faced constraints to participate in sports. Despite the interesting criteria used to evaluate the sport development, they should be used with caution because most studies were conducted in English-speaking countries reflecting a tendency to report features only of the Western culture. Conclusion: The different stakeholders, strategies, and resources found in this review reinforce that there is no single way to develop sports, as different possibilities may be used according to the characteristics of each context. It also indicates the need to move research to unexplored fields and socio-cultural contexts to increase the reach that sport-based programs may have.

Gender inequality in table tennis: an analysis of women coaches in certification courses

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to investigate the presence of women coaches in table tennis certification courses carried out by national and international federations. Methods: We carried out an analysis on documents extracted from the official websites of the Brazilian Table Tennis Confederation (CBTM) and the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Those documents presented the certificated coaches by each organization. We also collected information about the location of the coach according to the five macro-regions of Brazil. Results: We found a greater frequency of men (89.3%) compared to women (10.7%) in ITTF courses and, in Brazil, we also found a higher rate of men (83.7%) compared to women (16.3%) certified by CBTM. We found no increase in women's participation in ITFF courses over the years. In both national and international courses, most of the women coaches (international = 36%; national = 46.4%) were from the Southeast, while few women coaches were found in the Northeast and North. Conclusion: The findings of our study reveal that the training process of table tennis coaches is still mostly occupied by men. We also found a discrepancy between the macro-regions of the country where most women coaches are from the Southeast. CBTM managed to almost double the women's representation among coaches (from 10.7% to 16%) due to the policy that has been adopted in an attempt to increase the number of women in the sport. We highlight the importance of gender equality policies to improve women coaches' participation in table tennis.

Internal consistency of the Sport Motivation Scale-II Questionnaire in the Brazilian context: potentialities and limitations

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this paper was to analyze the internal consistency of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) questionnaire based on three studies with sports practitioners in the Brazilian college context. Methods: All the three studies i) were carried out with students enrolled in higher education and engaged in sports training by their institution (n1 = 304; n2 = 441; n3 = 310); ii) used SMS-II as an instrument for data collection; iii) used the online procedure for data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed and Cronbach's Alpha (α), McDonald's Omega (Ω), and the correlation between items were used to assess internal consistency. Results: As potentialities, five dimensions of the SMS-II presented high values of internal reliability (α and Ω > 0.60). As a limitation, the dimension of introjected regulation showed low reliability (α and Ω < 0.40) in the three studies conducted by our group. The exclusion of item 16 enabled an increase in alpha, but without achieving satisfactory reliability in Study 1 (α = 0.46) and Study 2 (α = 0.31). In Study 3, the exclusion of item 7 improved the internal reliability of the dimension (α = 0.43) also without reaching satisfactory values of internal consistency. It was not possible to identify a problematic item, given that each item had a different influence in the three studies. Conclusion: We found good values of validity and internal consistency for the Brazilian version of the SMS-II. However, we suggest attention to the introjected regulation dimension when using the instrument in the Brazilian college context.

The paradox of mental health versus mental disease in elite athletes: a scoping review

Abstract Aim: To analyze the concepts of mental health and illness as well as the instruments used to measure them in the elite athlete. Methods: The scoping review was conducted using PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Scielo. The keywords "Mental Health" AND "Sport" AND "Athlete" were used to find studies in peer-reviewed scientific journals published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Studies went through four stages of analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 179 records were included in this review. Results: Recent studies suggest that health and illness should not be recognized as deviations from the norm, but as a changing construct, varying on a continuum, where, at one extreme, we have health; and, at the other, we have illness even coexisting in an orthogonal way. Between the two extremes, there are degrees of psychological well-being and distress, leading from reduced functioning to effective functioning. This indicates the need for psychological support for both the maintenance and enhancement of mental health. An alarming result was that, although most of the studies investigated mental health, they used primarily instruments focused on illness. This new perspective of health-illness brings the need for the development of new instruments that encompass protective factors and symptom screening. Conclusions: We reinforce the need for a paradigm shift in relation to the mental health of elite athletes understanding it as a changing construct that should be constantly improved and/or maintained. This change led to the need for broader assessment instruments that encompass protective factors and illness symptoms.

Mulheres em cargos de liderança no esporte: rompendo o teto de vidro ou percorrendo o labirinto? / Women in leadership sport positions: breaking through the glass ceiling or walking through the labyrinth? / Mujeres en cargos de liderazgo en el deporte: ¿rompiendo el tejado de vidrio o recorriendo el laberinto?

Resumo A metáfora do teto de vidro é amplamente utilizada para representar os obstáculos invisíveis que impedem mulheres de progredir profissionalmente em altos cargos de liderança na gestão e no esporte. O objetivo deste estudo foi, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, analisar o uso da metáfora do teto de vidro na literatura científica nacional e propor o uso do labirinto como uma metáfora mais complexa e inclusiva. Apesar de ser majoritariamente utilizado em estudos brasileiros, o teto de vidro não representa os diferentes locais de partida e as diversas dificuldades vivenciadas por mulheres ao longo de sua trajetória profissional. A metáfora do labirinto possibilita um olhar mais complexo, considerando os diferentes caminhos percorridos por mulheres a partir de suas identidades de gênero, classe e raça.

Abstract The glass ceiling metaphor is widely disseminated and used to represent the invisible obstacles that prevent women from progressing professionally into high leadership roles in management and sport. The aim of this study was, from an integrative review, to analyze the use of the glass ceiling metaphor in the national scientific literature and to propose the use of the labyrinth as a more complex and inclusive metaphor. Despite being mostly used in Brazilian studies, the glass ceiling does not represent the different starting points and the different difficulties experienced by women throughout their professional trajectory. The labyrinth metaphor allows for a more complex look, considering the different paths taken by women based on their gender, class and race identities.

Resumen La metáfora del tejado de vidrio es ampliamente utilizada para representar los obstáculos invisibles que impiden a las mujeres progresar en el ámbito profesional y acceder a altos cargos de liderazgo en la gestión y en el deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue, a partir de una revisión, analizar el uso de la metáfora del tejado de vidrio en la literatura científica nacional y proponer el uso del laberinto como una metáfora más compleja e inclusiva. A pesar de ser mayoritariamente utilizado en estudios brasileños, el tejado de vidrio no representa los diferentes locales de partida y las diversas dificultades enfrentadas por mujeres a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional. La metáfora del laberinto posibilita una mirada más compleja, considerando los diferentes caminos recorridos por mujeres a partir de sus identidades de género, clase y raza.

Jogo bonito ou jogo feio: o que é e como podemos quantificar? / Beautiful game or ugly game: what is it and how can we quantify it? / Juego bello o juego feo: ¿qué es y cómo podemos cuantificarlo?

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar quais variáveis quantitativas de uma partida de futebol são relacionadas à classificação de jogo bonito ou feio. A partir dos indicadores de desempenho disponíveis no site oficial da FIFA, selecionamos quatro jogos da Copa do Mundo de 2018 com características distintas. Os jogos foram assistidos por dez participantes que, em um questionário semiestruturado, apontaram os indicadores de desempenho que influenciaram o julgamento estético da partida. O jogo bonito foi associado à grande quantidade de finalizações, chances de gols e passes certos. A ausência destes mesmos indicadores foi importante para a classificação dos jogos como feios. As variáveis quantitativas identificadas nesse estudo avançam com o debate sobre futebol e estética.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the quantitative variables of a football match associated to the classification of a beautiful or ugly game. Based on the performance indicators 2018 FIFA World Cup, we selected four games with different characteristics. The games were watched by ten participants who pointed out the performance indicators that influenced the aesthetic judgment of the game. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The beautiful game was associated with a large number of shots, shots on goal and pass accuracy. The absence of these same indicators was important for classifying the games as ugly. The quantitative variables identified in this study advance the debate on football and aesthetics.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar qué variables cuantitativas de un partido de fútbol están relacionadas con la clasificación de un juego bello o feo. Hemos seleccionado cuatro juegos de la Copa Mundial 2018 con diferentes características de los indicadores de rendimiento. Los juegos fueron observados por diez voluntarios que, en un cuestionario semiestructurado, señalaron los indicadores de rendimiento que influyeron en el juicio estético del juego. El juego bello se asoció con la gran cantidad de presentaciones, posibilidades de goles y pases ciertos. La ausencia de estos mismos indicadores fue importante para clasificar los juegos como feos. Las variables cuantitativas identificadas en este estudio avanzan el debate sobre el fútbol y la estética.

Futebol de mulheres liderado por homens: uma análise longitudinal dos cargos de comissão técnica e arbitragem / Male leadership in womens football: a longitudinal analysis of coaching and referee positions / Fútbol femenino liderado por hombres: un análisis longitudinal de los cargos de comisión técnica y arbitraje

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a participação das mulheres nos cargos de comissão técnica e de arbitragem no Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino desde a primeira edição da competição, em 2013, até o ano de 2019. Analisamos a quantidade de mulheres atuantes como treinadoras, auxiliares técnicas, preparadoras físicas, massagistas, treinadoras de goleiras, fisioterapeutas e médicas. Também coletamos informações sobre o quarteto de arbitragem. Verificamos um predomínio (~86%) de homens em cargos de comissão técnica com um lento aumento da participação de mulheres. As mulheres parecem ter maior inserção nos cargos de comissão de arbitragem. Encontramos 39% de mulheres atuando como árbitras principais e 59% como árbitras assistentes. Verificamos que a participação de mulheres nos cargos de comissão técnica e de arbitragem no Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino aumentou vagarosamente nos últimos anos, mas que a situação permanece de desigualdade.

This study analyzes female participation in coaching and referee positions in the Brazilian Women's Football Championship since its first edition in 2013 until 2019. We analyzed the number of women coaches, assistant coaches, physical trainers, massage therapists, goalkeeper coaches, physiotherapists, and doctors. We also collected data about referees. We found male predominance (~86%) in coaching positions with a slow increase in the number of women over the years. Female presence seemed to be higher in referee positions. We found 39% of women working as referees and 59% as assistant referees. We noted that their participation in coaching and referee positions in the Brazilian Women's Football Championship has been slowly increasing in recent years, but gender inequality remains in leadership and visibility positions.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la participación de las mujeres en los cargos de comisión técnica y arbitraje en el Campeonato Brasileño de Fútbol Femenino desde su primera edición, en 2013, hasta el año 2019. Analizamos el número de mujeres que actúan como entrenadoras, auxiliares técnicas, preparadoras físicas, masajistas, entrenadoras de porteras, fisioterapeutas y médicas. También recopilamos informaciones sobre el cuarteto de arbitraje. Encontramos un predominio (~86%) de hombres en cargos de comisión técnica, con un lento aumento de la participación de mujeres. Las mujeres parecen tener mayor inserción en los cargos de comisión de arbitraje. Encontramos un 39% de mujeres que actúan como árbitras principales y un 59% como árbitras asistentes. Constatamos que la participación de mujeres en los cargos de comisión técnica y arbitraje en el Campeonato Brasileño de Fútbol Femenino ha aumentado lentamente en los últimos años, pero que la situación aún es de desigualdad en lo que se refiere a la ocupación de posiciones de liderazgo y visibilidad.

Is there a correlation between depressive symptoms and motor skills in post-stroke patients?

Deficits in motor skills and depressive symptoms are common effects observed after stroke, so it is necessary to understand how these variables interact with each other. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two variables in post-ischemic stroke patients. We evaluated 135 patients with a mean age of 60 years (± 15). The Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor function was used to assess motor skills in the upper limbs, lower limbs, balance, and sensitivity and the Beck Depression Inventory was applied to evaluate depressive symptoms. To assess the relationship between both components, Spearman's correlation was performed. Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with all variables of motor skills. This study suggests that higher motor skills in post-stroke patients may be associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Thus, a better understanding of how post-stroke symptoms are interrelated may improve patient treatment and care, contributing to a better quality of life.

Is there a correlation between depressive symptoms and motor skills in post-stroke patients? / Existe correlação entre sintomas depressivos e habilidades motoras em pacientes pós-AVC?

ABSTRACT Deficits in motor skills and depressive symptoms are common effects observed after stroke, so it is necessary to understand how these variables interact with each other. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two variables in post-ischemic stroke patients. We evaluated 135 patients with a mean age of 60 years (± 15). The Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor function was used to assess motor skills in the upper limbs, lower limbs, balance, and sensitivity and the Beck Depression Inventory was applied to evaluate depressive symptoms. To assess the relationship between both components, Spearman's correlation was performed. Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with all variables of motor skills. This study suggests that higher motor skills in post-stroke patients may be associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Thus, a better understanding of how post-stroke symptoms are interrelated may improve patient treatment and care, contributing to a better quality of life.

RESUMO Déficits na habilidade motora e presença de sintomas depressivos são comuns em pacientes pós-AVC. Assim, é necessário compreender como estas variáveis interagem entre si. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar esta relação em pacientes pós-AVC isquêmico. Participaram 135 sujeitos, com idade média de 60 anos (± 15). Foi utilizado o protocolo de desempenho motor Fugl Meyer para verificar a habilidade motora dos membros superiores, inferiores, equilíbrio e sensibilidade e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck para verificar os sintomas depressivos. Foi realizada a análise de Spearman para verificar a relação entre os dois componentes. Os sintomas depressivos se correlacionaram negativamente com todas as variáveis da habilidade motora. Assim, a maior habilidade motora implicou em menores sintomas depressivos. Portanto, compreender como as sequelas pós-AVC se relacionam auxilia no melhor tratamento e atendimento ao paciente, contribuindo para melhorar sua qualidade de vida.

Habilidade motora, sintomas depressivos e função cognitiva em pacientes pós-AVC / Habilidad motora, síntomas depresivos y función cognitiva en pacientes pos-ACV / Motor skills, depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in post-stroke patients

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram (1) caracterizar pacientes pós-AVC em relação à habilidade motora (HM), sintomas depressivos (SD) e função cognitiva (FC); (2) realizar comparações desses aspectos entre sexo, idade, nível de atividade física; e (3) correlacioná-los com o tempo pós-AVC. Avaliamos 135 sujeitos com idade média de 60 (±15) anos e tempo médio pós-AVC de 17 meses. Foram usados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Protocolo de Habilidade Motora de Fugl-Meyer (HM), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (SD) e Mini Exame do Estado Mental (FC). O teste Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparação entre sexo, idade e prática de atividade física. O coeficiente de Spearman para verificar a correlação entre o tempo pós-AVC e as variáveis analisadas (HM, SD e FC). O grupo obteve uma média de 118,19 (±30,45) para HM, 9,93 (±7,14) para SD e de 21,7 (±5,43) para FC. Além disso, nossos resultados mostram que as mulheres apresentam maiores níveis de sintomas depressivos do que os homens, pacientes maiores de 50 anos apresentaram pior escore para FC. Não houve diferenças significativas entre pacientes praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física em relação à habilidade motora, sintomas depressivos e função cognitiva. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o tempo pós-AVC e as variáveis analisadas. Nossos resultados contribuem para o planejamento e ações que busquem a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

RESUMEN Los objetivos de este estudio fueran (1) caracterizar a los pacientes después del accidente cerebrovascular en relación con las habilidades motoras (HM), síntomas depresivos (DS) y la función cognitiva (CF), (2) hacer comparaciones de estos aspectos en cuanto al sexo, edad, nivel de actividad física y (3) correlacionar con el tiempo post-AVC. Se evaluaron 135 sujetos con edad media de 60 (± 15) años y tiempo medio post-AVC de 17 meses. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, Protocolo de Habilidad Motora de Fugl-Meyer (HM), Inventario de Depresión de Beck (SD) y Mini Examen del Estado Mental (FC). La prueba Mann-Whitney fue utilizada para la comparación entre sexo, edad y práctica de actividad física. El coeficiente de Spearman fue utilizado para verificar la correlación entre el tiempo post-AVC y las variables analizadas (HM, SD y FC). El grupo obtuvo una media de 118,19 (± 30,45) para HM, 9,93 (± 7,14) para SD y de 21,7 (± 5,43) para FC. Además, nuestros resultados muestran que las mujeres presentan mayores niveles de síntomas depresivos que los hombres; los pacientes mayores de 50 años presentaron peor escore para FC. No hubo diferencias significativas entre pacientes practicantes y no practicantes de actividad física en relación con la habilidad motora, síntomas depresivos y función cognitiva. No se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre el tiempo post-AVC y las variables analizadas. Los resultados contribuyen a la planificación y acciones que busquen la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was (1) to characterize post-stroke patients according to motor skills (MS), depressive symptoms (DS) and cognitive function (CF), (2) compare these aspects according to sex, age, level of physical activity and (3) correlate them to time after stroke. We evaluated 135 subjects with mean age of 60 (± 15) years and 17 months post-stroke time. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic questionnaire, Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (MA), Beck Depression Inventory (DS) and Mini Mental State Examination (CF). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare sexes, ages and physical activity practice. The Spearman coefficient was used to verify the correlation between post-stroke time and the variables analyzed (MA, DS and CF). The group obtained an average of 118.19 (± 30.45) to MA, 9.93 (± 7.14) for DS and 21.7 (± 5.43) to CF. The results showed that women presented higher levels of depressive symptoms than men, patients older than 50 years presented lower scores for CF. There were no significant differences between sedentary and non-sedentary patients with regard to motor skills, depressive symptoms and cognitive function. No significant correlations were found between time and the variables analyzed. Our results will contribute to action and planning which seeks to improve the patient's quality of life.

Player turnover and team performance in FIFA Women's World Cup

Aims: The specific aims of this study were to characterize player turnover on FIFA Women's World Cup (1991-2015), and to explore the relationship between the turnover rate and team performance. Methods: We analyzed the seven national teams that participated in all of the seasons of the women's World Cup: Brazil, Germany, Japan, Nigeria, Norway, Sweden, and the USA. The full name of the players was used to analyze which athlete was maintained or substituted from a season to another. The names of the players were retrieved from the official FIFA website. Player turnover was measured by the percentage of players that were on a team in one season and were not on the roster on the following edition. The performance was measured by the final classification of the teams. Results: The results showed that most players participated only in one season of the championship. An average rate of 53% of player turnover per team was found by edition, which represents, approximately, 13 substituted athletes. Medalist teams showed lower player turnover (48%) compared to the non-medalist teams (57%) (p-value=0.0305; ES=0.69). Furthermore, teams that were classified for the quarterfinals decreased player turnover in the next season (p-value=0.0408, ES=0.89), maintaining a good performance (χ²=4.114, p-value=0.042). We could not find any influence of higher turnover rates on team performance (χ²=0.535, p-value=0.464). Conclusion: The present study found that lower rates of player turnover may be beneficial for team performance in the FIFA Women's World Cup. When successful teams decrease their turnover rate, sports performance seems to be maintained.(AU)

Vantagem de jogar em casa no futebol feminino: uma análise de três importantes campeonatos no Brasil / Home advantage in female soccer: an analysis of three important championships in Brazil

A vantagem de jogar em casa (VC) no futebol masculino é bastante conhecida e bem documentada. Recentemente, a VC foi estudada em ligas europeias de futebol feminino, mas permanece desconhecida nos campeonatos nacionais. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a VC em três importantes campeonatos de futebol feminino do Brasil. Foram analisadas 280 partidas do Campeonato Brasileiro (2013 - 2016), 259 da Copa do Brasil (2012 - 2016) e 1241 do Campeonato Paulista (2008 - 2016). De cada partida foram coletados os times participantes, o placar fi nal e local do jogo. A VC foi defi nida como o número de pontos vencidos pelos times da casa expresso em percentual de todos os pontos obtidos no campeonato. As análises foram realizadas para cada edição e campeonato. A hipótese nula unilateral, Ho:VC=50% e H1:VC>50%, foi utilizada para analisar a existência da vantagem em cada campeonato. Para comparar as VC entre os três campeonatos foi utilizado o teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) com post-hoc de Tukey. As VC médias encontradas para cada campeonato foram de 60% no Campeonato Brasileiro, 55% na Copa do Brasil e 53% no Campeonato Paulista, todas signifi cativamente maiores que 50%. O Campeonato Brasileiro também apresentou a maior VC em relação aos outros dois campeonatos (p=0.0132). Conclui-se que existe VC nos campeonatos de futebol feminino no Brasil, fenômeno que pode ser explicado pela torcida, efeito da viagem, familiaridade com o campo, viés do árbitro e fatores psicológicos. A maior vantagem no Campeonato Brasileiro provavelmente refl ete as desvantagens dos longos deslocamentos realizados pelos times visitantes....(AU)

The home advantage (HA) in male soccer is well known and well documented. The HA was recently studied in European league of female soccer, however it is still unknown in the Brazilian competitions. The aim of this study was to analyze HA in the three main female soccer championships in Brazil. It was analyzed 280 matches from the Brazilian Championship (2013 - 2016), 259 from the Brazil Cup (2012 - 2016) and 1241 from the São Paulo Championship (2008 - 2016) of female soccer. From each match were collect the participant teams, the fi nal score and the game location. The HA was defi nedas the number of winner points by the home teams expressed in percentage of total points of the championship. The analyses were performed for each edition and competition. The unilateral null hypothesis, Ho:VC=50% and H1:VC>50%, was used to analyze the advantage in each championship. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), with Tukey post-hoc, was used to compare HA among the three championships. The mean HA of 60% was found in the Brazilian Championship, 55% in Brazil Cup and 53% in the São Paulo Championship. The Brazilian Championship also presented the highest HA compared to the others two competitions (p=0.0132). The HA in the Brazilian female soccer found in this study can be explained by the crowd eff ects, travel, familiarity, referee bias and other psychological factors. The highest advantage in the Brazilian Championship probably refl ects the disadvantage of the long distances traveled by the visiting teams....(AU)

Produção acadêmica em futebol e futsal feminino: estado da arte dos artigos científicos nacionais na área da educação física / Academic research on women's football and futsal: the current state of scientific articles in physical education / producción académica en fútbol y futsal femenino: estado del arte de artículos científicos brasileños en el área de la educación física

Este estudo tem como objetivo mapear a produção de artigos científicos nacionais sobre futebol e futsal feminino. Analisamos 38 periódicos da área da Educação Física, indexados pela Qualis Capes na área 21, que publicam estudos relacionados a esportes. Os 76 artigos encontrados foram enquadrados em nove categorias e divididos por ano de publicação. Os resultados mostraram que as primeiras publicações ocorreram no final da década de 1990, com um aumento significativo a partir do ano de 2008. Nesse mesmo período foi criada a Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol, principal veículo de publicação sobre as modalidades. Encontramos uma distribuição homogênea de homens e mulheres como primeiros autores, sendo a coautoria majoritariamente masculina. Verificamos que os estudos sobre gênero representam, aproximadamente, um terço de toda a publicação sobre as modalidades. Esse resultado reforça a importância da discussão sobre o empoderamento feminino para o desenvolvimento do futebol e futsal feminino

This study analyzes Brazilian articles on women's football and futsal. It examined 38 national Physical Education journals indexed under Qualis Capes in area 21, which publish sports-related studies. We found 76 articles that were classified in nine categories and divided by year of publication. The results showed that the first publications occurred at the end of the 90's and a significant increase took place after 2008. The Brazilian Journal of Futsal and Football ­ the main journal on those sports ­ was created in the same period. We found a homogeneous distribution between male and female first authors while co-authorship was mostly male. Gender studies represent about one third of all articles on women's football. This reinforces the importance of the discussion about women's empowerment for female football and futsal development

Este estudio tiene como objetivo mapear y analizar la producción de artículos científicos brasileños sobre fútbol y futsal femenino. Buscamos las publicaciones en 38 periódicos nacionales del área de Educación Física que publican estudios relacionados al deporte. Los 76 artículos encontrados fueron encuadrados en 9 categorías y divididos por año de publicación. Los resultados mostraron que las primeras publicaciones ocurrieron a finales de la década de 1990, con un aumento significativo a partir del año 2008. En ese mismo período se creó la Revista Brasileña de Fútbol Sala y Fútbol, principal vehículo de publicación sobre la modalidad. Encontramos una distribución homogénea entre primeros autores hombres y mujeres, aunque la coautoría es mayoritariamente masculina. Verificamos que los estudios sobre género representan, aproximadamente, un tercio de toda la publicación sobre la modalidad. Este resultado refuerza la importancia de la discusión sobre el empoderamiento femenino para el desarrollo del fútbol y futsal femenino

Errar menos para ganhar mais: uma análise no badminton / Fewer mistakes for more winning: a badminton analysis

Um recurso muito utilizado por técnicos e atletas no badminton é a análise estatística dos componentes do jogo, a fim de minimizar os erros e otimizar os acertos e, com isso, obter o melhor rendimento do atleta. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre pontos vencedores (PV) e erros não forçados (ENF) com a vitória e derrota em jogos de badminton das categorias simples masculina e feminina. Foram analisados 56 jogos de simples masculino e 23 femininos durante os torneios nacionais e estaduais no ano de 2012. A pontuação final, a quantidade de PV e de ENF foram coletados em tempo real. A comparação entre a quantidade de PV e ENF em jogos com vitória e derrota, e entre os gêneros, foi feita através do Teste T para amostras independentes. Nos jogos masculinos, verificou-se a média de ENF de 13,37±6,08 e de PV 12,89±5,37. Já no feminino, a média de ENF foi 13,87±5,97 e de PV 9,43±5,07. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas na quantidade de ENF e PV entre os gêneros. A média dos ENF em jogos perdidos, 16,3±6,4, foi significativamente maior do que nos jogos com vitória, 11,7±5,0 (p<0,01). Os PV ocorreram mais em jogos com vitória, 13,5±5,2, do que em jogos com derrota, 9,38±5,0 (p<0,01). Conclui-se que para chegar à vitória é importante que o atleta aumente o número de PV e diminua a quantidade de ENF, independente do gênero. Neste sentido, quanto melhor o atleta estiver do ponto de vista técnico, tático, físico e psicológico, melhor será sua percepção de competência, maior a superação de desafios e, consequentemente, maiores chances de acertos terá...(AU)

Coaches and athletes in badminton are using statistics analysis of the components of the game in order to minimize errors and optimize winning shots and thereby get a better overall performance of the athlete. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between winners points (WP) and unforced errors (UE) with victory and defeat in male and female (single) badminton matches. We analyzed 56 male simple games and 23 women's singles during national and state tournaments of 2012. The final score, the amount of WP and UE were collected during the game. The comparison between the amount of WP and UE in games with victory and defeat, and according to gender, was performed using the unpaired T Test. In male games, we found an average of 13.37 ± 6.08 UE and 12.89 ± 5.37 WP. In women, the average was 13.87 ± 5.97 for UE and 9.43 ± 5.07 for WP. No significant differences were observed in the amount of UE and WP for gender. The average of UE in lost games (16.3 ± 6.4) was significantly higher than in the win games (11.7 ± 5.0) (p <0.01). The WP were higher in won games, 13.5 ± 5.2, than in defeated games, 9.38 ± 5.0 (p <0.01).We conclude that to achieve victory, it is important that the athlete increase the number of WP and decrease the amount of UE, regardless of the gender. The better the athlete is from a technical point of view, tactical, physical and psychological, the better their perception of competence, greater overcoming challenges and hence greater chances of success will be....(AU)

Motivação e atividade física: os projetos de extensão na universidade (motivação e atividade física) / Motivation and physical activity: extension program at university (motivation and physical activity) / La motivación y actividad física: el proyecto de extensión de la universidad (motivación y actividade física)

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar os principais fatores que motivam alunos dos Proje-tos de Extensão da Faculdade de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Campinas a praticarem atividade física. O instrumento utilizado foi o Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física (IMPRAF-54), que abrange seis dimensões da motivação (Con-trole do Estresse, Saúde, Sociabilidade, Competitividade, Estética e Prazer). Foram avaliados 173 sujeitos, entre 18 e 40 anos, de ambos os sexos, que praticam as diferentes modalidades oferecidas pelo projeto. Como resultado geral, verificou-se que a Saúde e o Prazer são os principais motivos para a prática da atividade física, seguidos pelo Controle do Estresse e Estética, Sociabilidade e Competitividade. Ressalta-se a importância de pesquisas assim tanto para a área da Educação Física em geral, quanto para aqueles que trabalham diretamente no oferecimento dessas atividades, no sentido de possibilitar a elaboração de estratégias que mantenham os alunos motivados de maneira adequada para a prática de atividade física.

The objective of this research was to identify the main factors that motivate students from the Extension Program from Physical Education College at Campinas State University to practice physical activities. The tool used was the Motivational Inventory to the Regular Physical Ac-tivity (IMPRAF-54) that covers six dimensions of motivation (Stress Control, Health, Socia-bility, Competitiveness, Aesthetics and Pleasure). We evaluated 173 subjects, with ages vary-ing from 18-40 years old, who practiced the program's different modalities. Overall, Health and Pleasure were considered the main influence factor to choose the physical activity by the population studied; they were followed by Stress Control, Aesthetics, Sociability and Com-petitiveness. This study emphasizes the importance of this kind of research to the physical education area and helps who works directly in this kind of activities once it can improve strategies to keep student motivation high when practicing physical activities.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los principales factores que motivan a los es-tudiantes del Proyecto de Extensión de la Institución Universitaria de Educación Física de la Universidad Estatal de Campinas a practicar actividades físicas. El instrumento utilizado fue el Inventario de Motivación para la Práctica Regular de Actividad Física (IMPRAF-54), que envuelve seis dimensiones de motivación (Control del Estrés, Salud, Sociabilidad, Competiti-vidad, Estética y Placer). Se evaluaron 173 sujetos, de 18 años a 40 años, de ambos sexos, que practican las diferentes modalidades ofrecidas por el proyecto. Como resultado general, se verificó que la Salud y el Placer son los principales motivos para la práctica de la actividad física, seguidos del Control del estrés y la Estética, la Sociabilidad y la Competitividad. Se destaca la importancia de ese tipo de investigación tanto en el ámbito de la educación física en general, como para los que trabajan directamente en la oferta de esas actividades, ya que per-mite la posibilidad de crear estrategias que mantengan a los estudiantes motivados para la actividad física adecuada.